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What Are the Best Medications For Anxiety Disorders?
Treatment for anxiety disorders is usually a three-pronged approach: psychotherapy, medication and exercise. Antidepressants are the most popular treatment for anxiety. Newer drugs that have lower suicide risk and less abrasive side effects, like nefazodone and mirtazapine, are more palatable than antidepressants that are older, such as tCAs and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).
Most people can manage their anxiety symptoms by taking medications that decrease the fear signals in the brain. These include SNRIs and SSRIs.
Benzodiazepines
These drugs work by aiding the binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA at various receptors throughout the central nervous system. They are considered to be more secure, less toxic CNS depressant as compared to their predecessors - barbiturates. They are used to treat seizures as anxiolytics and anticonvulsants. They are usually prescribed in small doses and are less likely to cause anticholinergic toxicity or delirium than older drugs. However there are risks and side effects that need to be assessed prior to taking these drugs. For instance, the long-term use of benzodiazepines could cause impairment to memory and trigger withdrawal symptoms, especially when the drug is combined in conjunction with other CNS depressants such as opioids or alcohol. There are also those who find that it diminishes the effectiveness of antidepressants. Children and geriatrics should not take benzodiazepines. They should also avoid taking them if they have medical comorbidities such as depression.
They are available in different strengths and formulations, and have different pharmacological characteristics. They differ in their effectiveness, duration, and side effects. The longer-acting benzodiazepines such as chlordiazepoxide and clorazepate, as well as and diazepam are typically used for anxiety, insomnia, and seizures.
Constipation, fatigue and blurred vision are among the most frequently reported side effects of benzodiazepines. Certain people may also suffer from headaches, nausea, and weight loss. However, these side effects are generally mild and will disappear after a long period of use. Benzodiazepines must be tapered rather than stopped suddenly since it may cause withdrawal symptoms that include irritability, difficulty sleeping and anxiety attacks.
Other medications that help with anxiety disorders include SSRIs, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors; SNRIs; Atypical antidepressants like mirtazapine and beta-blockers. SSRIs, beta-blockers and SNRIs function by increasing the levels serotonin and norepinephrine within your brain. This can help reduce anxiety. Atypical antidepressants increase these chemical levels through different pathways and can treat other mental disorders like depression. Beta-blockers, which are typically heart medications, can also be used in small doses to treat anxiety such as stage fright, by reducing the adrenaline rush that causes shaking and a rapid heartbeat.
SSRIs
The most popular medications used to treat anxiety disorders are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and serotonin-norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitions (SNRIs). These medications increase levels of serotonin - an important neurotransmitter that affects mood. They also increase levels of norepinephrine, another neurotransmitter that influences mood. The most popular SSRIs for anxiety are paroxetine (Paxil) and fluoxetine (Prozac). The SNRIs include citalopram, sertraline, and nefazodone.
There are many other medications that can help alleviate anxiety-related symptoms. They include antihistamines (e.g., hydroxyzine) as well as beta and alpha blockers (e.g. propranolol and Clonidine) and benzodiazepines. Antihistamines are especially beneficial during panic attacks, as they can induce a state of drowsiness which can alleviate anxiety. However, they may cause negative effects, such as dry mouth, constipation and sedation. You could also be at risk if take them while driving.
Benzodiazepines are sedatives that function by increasing the activity of neurotransmitters that send signals between brain cell. These medications can help you relax and sleep, and are usually prescribed for short-term usage. These medications can become addicting, so only take them under the supervision of a medical professional.
Tricyclic antidepressants also work in treating anxiety. These drugs function similar to SSRIs, increasing the levels of serotonin as well as norepinephrine in your body. They are usually started with a small dose, and then gradually increased. Certain of these medications can cause weight growth and anxiety. They may cause dry mouth, urinary tract problems, and arrhythmias.
Monoamine oxidase inhibiters are older antidepressants that have been proven to be effective in treating anxiety. However, they are less common because of their side effects, including weight gain and dry mouth. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors can also interact with some foods and medications, including SSRIs, certain birth control pills, cold and allergy medicines, and acetaminophen and ibuprofen.
You can feel more relaxed and in charge of your life by utilizing the appropriate medication for anxiety. Additionally, it is important to practice strategies for managing stress. Important steps include avoiding unhealthy food and exercising as well as avoiding alcohol and tobacco and removing news articles or readings that could trigger anxiety. Joining a support group for anxiety will help you meet people with similar problems and will teach you strategies for coping.
Tricyclic antidepressants
Tricyclic antidepressants and SSRIs are among the medications that are used to treat anxiety disorders. Certain of these medications can boost the levels of certain brain chemicals, like serotonin and norepinephrine. These drugs can be taken regularly or as required. Some require a few weeks to start working, but they can remove anxiety or make it much more manageable. They will not work in the event that you stop taking the medication.
SSRIs can be used to treat anxiety, and stop symptoms from recurring. These include citalopram, fluvoxamine, escitalopram and sertraline. panic anxiety disorder have minimal side-effects and generally safe. SSRIs can be used in conjunction with other treatments for anxiety, including psychotherapy or exercise.
Beta blockers are another type of medication that can be used to treat anxiety. These medications are typically prescribed for heart problems, but they are also effective in treating anxiety and phobias. They help reduce anxiety symptoms by reducing the heart rate and decreasing blood pressure. Propranolol and Atenolol are the most commonly prescribed beta blockers.
People suffering from a phobia or panic disorder can sometimes benefit from sedatives like lorazepam or alprazolam. These medications can be used prior to a stressful event and help to reduce the symptoms of anxiety. These medications can be habit-forming, therefore only take them if absolutely necessary.
In general SSRIs and SNRIs are considered first-line medications for anxiety. They are well tolerated as well as safe and effective in controlled studies that are randomized. It is important to consider the unique characteristics of the drug as well as co-morbidities among patients. Patients with a depression history may require a higher dosage than someone without.
Monoamine oxide (MAOI) is the most effective treatment of anxiety about performance or social. These medications increase the amount of neurotransmitters that regulate mood, and are often initially administered at low doses, and then slowly increased. They can be used on their own or in conjunction with benzodiazepine. A variety of medications, including SSRIs, some birth control pills, acetaminophen and Ibuprofen, cold and allergy medications, as well as herbal supplements, can interact with MAOIs, so it is essential to discuss your medication options with your physician.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Many medications are used to treat anxiety disorders, and they are effective for a variety of people. This includes benzodiazepines as well as antidepressants. The benzodiazepines are GABA receptor agonists that are employed to alleviate anxiety symptoms in the short-term. They are also helpful in reducing seizures, muscle spasms and hypnotic state. However, benzodiazepines aren't suitable for long-term use, and could cause dependence. Antidepressants, on the other hand can help reduce depression and anxiety. These medications can take up to six weeks to begin working, but are highly efficient for the majority people. Some people can experience sexual side effects with these medications, however they're usually manageable.
SSRIs and SNRIs, raise levels of serotonin and norepinephrine, two important hormones and neurotransmitters that influence mood. They are typically the first line treatment for most anxiety disorders. They can be used daily to control symptoms, or be used as required. Antidepressants can cause dry mouth, nausea, and weight gain. They can also increase the risk of suicidal thoughts, therefore they should only be used the time that is needed.
Another option is beta-blockers which are typically used to treat heart ailments. They are typically prescribed off-label for people suffering from social anxiety disorders, such as propranolol (Inderal). This medication is a good choice to relieve the physical symptoms of anxiety, such as shaking and high blood pressure. It can also help reduce stress hormones like norepinephrine and adrenaline, which are produced during a high state of anxiety.
Anticonvulsants, such as gabapentin pregabalin and tiagabine possess GABAergic effects. These drugs are approved by the FDA approval for neuropathic pain and antidepressant pain.
TCAs are also tricyclic antidepressants that boost the levels of serotonin within the brain. They also decrease the activity of monoamine oxide which is responsible for breaking down these chemicals. They are able to alleviate symptoms of bipolar disorder and mania. These medications can trigger many adverse effects, including weight gain, dry mouth and sedation. They may also increase the risk of hypotension and urinary hesitancy, as well as retention and arrhythmias.